History

70° anniversary of the Superga tragedy
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Giuseppe Federici Study Center – For a new onset

70° anniversary of the Superga tragedy
Il 4 maggio 1949 the players of Grande Torino, together with technicians, managers, journalists and crew, perished in the plane crash on the Superga hill, in Turin, returning from Lisbon.
Pope Pius XII's message to the families of the victims
“Blessed souls of our brothers, victims of an atrocious fate, may our prayer and the cry of our invincible pain reach you” (and: “FIGC, extraordinary bulletin in memory of the Fallen of Superga, 4 maggio 1949”).
The funeral in Turin Cathedral celebrated by card. Ditches
“(…) The Cardinal Archbishop (Maurilio Fossati) he waits at the top of the staircase surrounded by the canons of the metropolitan Chapter. The space beneath him is now packed in every corner. The funeral office, "the absolution on the mound", it begins. The prayers are said softly, punctuated here and there by the cathedral's choir of singers, now light and caressing, now strong and impetuous like a hymn of triumph. “Free me, Sir, about eternal death, in die illa tremendous…”; the beautiful words of the liturgy descend on the bodies lined up in the darkness, on the motionless crowd. The Cardinal raises the sprinkler, he blesses several times with calm and solemn gestures, towards that black mass that contains the thirty-one coffins and the people, in a single hug. The light of a candle trembles on the prayer book: the only light, viva, and throbbing, throughout the square. "May the angels lead you to Paradise," murmured the choir in a very low voice, at the moment in which the Prelate raises his hand once again in the gesture of farewell and final blessing. The funeral rite ended on the sweet and hopeful verses of the antiphon, and the black mass, I was carried, and the people, he's still holding his breath, oppressed by an unspeakable emotion (…)” (“The Press”, Saturday 7 maggio 1949).

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Interview with lawyer Luciano Randazzo. The truth about Mussolini's death
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The lawyer Luciano Randazzo was a close friend of Guido Mussolini, passed away last December. Together they had long planned to bring out the truth about the Duce's death. Above all, reveal why, in certain forums, it was decreed that he should not be tried. We interview the lawyer on the day the news of the death of Benito Mussolini's nephew spread.

How the idea of ​​the Duce's trial was born?

«One day I met Guido Mussolini with his architect friend Filippo Giannini. On that occasion we thought about arming, obviously in a theatrical way, the trial of the Duce. A bit following the work of Mino Caudana, great forgotten writer, author of The Blacksmith's Son as well as The Prisoner of the Gran Sasso and other certainly hagiographic works by Benito Mussolini. What about Guido Mussolini, great personality, certainly forgotten: cultured man, great lord. Guido was, to use an ancient adjective, a man from another time. I often found myself talking to him for hours. In the environment we considered him the true heir of his grandfather Benito's cultural revolution. In my opinion he was overshadowed by the undeserved notoriety of some of his relatives who landed in politics in the 90s. But we must underline how Guido had the courage, and first, to shed light, in court and through a criminal investigation, about the death of the Duce. A murder still shrouded in mystery. Certainly the first unsolved mystery of the Italian Republic, and because many protagonists of the so-called First Republic will benefit from his death. So it's fair to ask, also out of historical duty, who were the traitors and the great imperialist powers responsible for that murder. And whether they are not the same ones who handed over to those who today combine political and economic power. The new republican and democratic Italy was certainly born with the stain of a mystery, the death of the Duce. Thanks to Guido for the first time, and not in a mere literary treatment, an attempt was made to shed light on the deaths of the Duce and Mrs. Petacci: both were killed by unknown persons. The partisan and resistance tradition sees Colonel Valerio as the executor and creator of the murder, tradition now canceled because it has been disproved by the many tests, even if as a pseudo truth it has influenced entire generations of students in a false way."

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Moroccan: il 25 April also symbolizes mass rape
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«Soldiers! This time it is not just the freedom of your lands that I offer you if you win this battle. Behind the enemy there are women, case, there is a wine among the best in the world, there is gold. All of this will be yours if you win. You will have to kill the Germans down to the last man and pass at any cost. What I told you and promised you I keep. For fifty hours you will be the absolute masters of what you will find beyond the enemy. Nobody will punish you for what you do, no one will ask you to account for what you take » This is what the French war leaflets said which "encouraged" the goumiers, the Moroccan soldiers hired through the so-called Cef (the French colonial army) which had the aim of helping the allied divisions during the Italian campaign, in the last acts of the Second World War. The words were attributed to General Alphonse Juin, who after the first operations promised "fifty hours of freedom" to the soldiers. After the 14 May of 1944 the goumiers of the French Expeditionary Force in Italy, who avoided the German lines in the Liri Valley, in the province of Frosinone, and allowed the British army to cross the Gustav Line (that is, the fortification that divided Italy between the RSI and the Allied occupation zone), they raided the surrounding areas without too many compliments, of lower Lazio, carrying out violence on the population - in particular on women - which today we all remember and bitterly define as Moroccan. In the year in which the violence continued, they went as far as lower Tuscany. Actually, the rapes by Moroccan troops had already begun in July 1943, after the Allied landing in Sicily. On that occasion further 800 North Africans carried out looting of all kinds, raping women and children in the Troina area, in the province of Enna. According to the historian Michelangelo Ingrassia, the Sicilians reacted by killing some with shotguns and pitchforks. But what happened in Ciociaria and the surrounding areas produced even more dramatic numbers. In the 2011 Emiliano Ciotti, president of the Association of Victims of the Marocchinate, declares: “In the night session of the Chamber of 7 April 1952 the PCI deputy Maria Maddalena Rossi reported that only in the province of Frosinone there had been 60.000 violence by General Juin's troops. From the numerous documents collected today we can affirm that there were 20.000 confirmed cases of violence, completely underestimated number; several medical reports of the time reported that a third of women were raped, who had undergone treatment, whether out of shame or modesty, he preferred not to report. Making an overall assessment of the violence committed by the Cef, starting in Sicily and ending at the gates of Florence, we can therefore say with certainty that there was a minimum of 60.000 raped women, each one, almost always by multiple men. The North African soldiers, for example, on average they raped in groups of two or three, but we have also collected testimonies of women raped by 100, 200 e 300 men. Read More

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Prisoners of Liberation
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by Alessandro Sallusti

They call her “liberation” but in reality it is imprisonment. Every year the 25 April takes the Italians prisoners and forces them to witness the conflict between alleged partisans and phantom fascists
They call it "liberation" but in reality it is imprisonment. Every year, dal 1946, il 25 April takes Italians prisoners and forces them to witness three days of conflict between alleged partisans and phantom fascists.
The names of the parties change and even the political framework but the 25 April no, it is repeated with the same liturgy and with the same slogans regardless of reality, with an emphasis and a rhetoric almost as if the enemy were still at the gates and the resisters were up in the mountains fighting.
Given that, in order not to offend the "new" Italians, there are those who have gone so far as to deny the celebration of Christmas, it would be nice if, in order not to offend the intelligence of all Italians, they would stop with the verbal re-edition of a civil war that – yes that one – it was a serious matter and produced unnecessary deaths on both sides. Il 25 April is a partisan holiday in the sense of party. We remember not the beneficial end of a dictatorship, which is more than legitimate – but a history rewritten for the use and consumption of the winners. Which, until 24 April 1945, certainly they were not in appreciable numbers in the streets armed but locked up at home waiting for the liberators of the Anglo-American armies and then venting their revenge in the following days with the same ferocity as their predecessors.
Everyone reads history as they want, but it is the news that is objectively cloying. Not even the young Di Maio (we are talking about facts concerning your grandfather) he managed to avoid paying the tax and will parade tomorrow, it is not clear in what capacity, at the head of one of the many marches pointing the finger at the "fascist" Salvini, which is fine for going to government but which becomes a public danger during elections.
Already, because the problem is precisely and only this: out of hypocrisy, It has nothing to do with memory or even history, and poem by vote. In fact, elections are almost always around May, il 25 April most of the time falls in the middle of the election campaign. So what better opportunity to go to the streets to defend, from those who don't understand, the «Republic born from anti-fascism» (it would be more truthful to say: born thanks to the Americans and Churchill).
The fact that for the rest of the year this Republic is constantly mistreated and humiliated by inadequate policies by the patriots themselves is considered a secondary thing. Ultimately you just need to wait for others 12 months until the 25 following April, and for the umpteenth time even the mediocre and cowardly will be able to go back to calling themselves statesmen and lions for one day.
SOURCE – http://m.ilgiornale.it/news/2019/04/24/prigionieri-della-liberazione/1683753/
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The Armenian genocide
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Giuseppe Federici Study Center – For a new onset

Press release no. 35/19 of the 24 April 2019, Saint Fedele from Sigmaringa
The Armenian genocide
We remember the anniversary of the Armenian genocide of 1915 with the lyrics of a famous song by Charles Aznavour and with links to our press releases from recent years.
They fell
They fell, without really knowing why
Men, women, and children who only wanted to live
With heavy gestures like drunken men
Mutilated, massacred, eyes open with fear.
They fell calling on their God
At the threshold of their church or at their doorstep
In desert herd, staggering, in cohort
Overwhelmed by thirst, hunger, iron, the fire.
No one raised their voice in a euphoric world
While a people languished in their blood
Europe discovered jazz and its music
The cries of trumpets drowned out the cries of children.

 

They fell modestly, without noise,
By the thousands, by millions, without the world moving,
Becoming for a moment, tiny red flowers
Covered by a wind of sand and then oblivion.
They fell, eyes full of sunshine,
Like a bird that a bullet shatters in flight
To die anywhere and without leaving a trace,
Ignored, forgotten in their last sleep.
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History

Gli uomini che scelsero l'Onore
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The first nuclei of what later became the Republican Army, they were not established after the proclamation of the Social Republic, much less by imposition by the Germans, but they arose spontaneously in the hours immediately following the spread of the news that the armistice had been signed.
How many soldiers were there in those moments of absurd blindness of the commanders, they decided freely, in complete autonomy to refuse capitulation without a fight and to take the courageous and tragic decision not to accept change head on?
Certainly all the militia battalions rebelled, except one. The sailors of the Decima Flottiglia Mas refused the dishonor, the Nembo paratroopers stationed in Sardinia and Southern Italy, the submariners based in Bordeaux, which we will talk about later and numerous other departments, including the army located inside and outside the Italian borders. However, it was not just entire departments led by officers who made this difficult choice, but often single young people who, in complete autonomy, by the thousands, they showed up one by one at the German commands asking to be welcomed as volunteers so as not to pass weapons and baggage with the enemy.
When Mussolini proclaimed the Italian Social Republic, found himself already ready for the most total obedience at least 180.000 men (186.000 according to Battistelli and Molinari in the essay “the Armed Forces of the RSI) which were the basis for the new army even before Marshal Graziani, appointed Minister of Defense, gave rise to the reorganization of the Armed Forces with soldiers trained in Germany (12000 between officers, non-commissioned officers and soldiers chosen from the tens of thousands who had asked to join the RSI)and with the class's call to arms 1924 e 1925.
A small parenthesis, contrary to what is repeated to underline the imposition that was made on young people to present themselves to arms, it must be said that the response was instead enthusiastic against all expectations. Official data were never released after the war, for obvious reasons, Pisanò says from in-depth research done that the resistance did not overcome the 5 percent.
Here is the testimony taken from the general's book, well-known scholar of military matters, Emilio Canevari “Graziani told me”: The turnout of recruits was enormous, unprecedentedly there were almost no draft dodgers, while the Carabinieri almost no longer exist, it certainly couldn't be said that the turnout in the districts had been determined by fear of sanctions.(…)in first place was Emilia col 98 (I say ninety-eight) percent of those presented. This is perhaps not the best indication of the favor with which the constitution of the new government was welcomed by the people?”
By the end of 1944 others had presented themselves for enlistment 350.000.
read everything
source – https://www.ereticamente.net/2015/03/gli-uomini-che-scelsero-lonore.html

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The Sanhedrin of Caiaphas condemned Jesus to death
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by Emilio Giuliana
There is an insistent desire that tends to relieve the Sanhedrin of Caiaphas from the guilt of the death sentence against Jesus, indicating Pilate as responsible and guilty. FALSE! History and the Gospels are clear and equally clear are the proud Jewish admissions of their will to lead to the crucifixion of CHRIST.
Below I report a writing by the very insightful and learned historian Rutilio Sermonti, which dispels any doubt from yet another ignoble attempt to falsely rewrite history, that of Pontius Pilate.
by Rutilio Sermonti
Responsibilities in their place.
(aurhelio.it) – As a Roman as I pride myself on being, I wish to take on the defense of Pontius Pilate, that excellent man and honored official, who is unfairly reviled, as has been the case for centuries with the subtle action of rabbinic Judaism, who - by making havoc of the evangelical findings - tries to free himself from the accusation of deicideby dumping it on the Romans, and on that in particular.
Let's start by making it clear that, at the time of Jesus' trial, Judea was not a Roman province, rather "federated". The representative of the proconsul of Caesarea (as Pilate was the procurator) it therefore had political-military jurisdiction only over crimes of infidelity to that "foedus", While, for everyone else, and even more so those of sacrilege against the Mosaic law, the exclusive competence belonged to the local Jewish authority, that is, of the Sanhedrin. Indeed, when the guards of the Sanhedrin (not the Roman soldiers!) they arrested Jesus, they tried to have Pilate condemn him on charges of sedition against Rome.
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L'odio anglosassone per l'antica Roma
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The ideal of political correctness which often leads to hatred, political and otherwise, for those who distance themselves from the single homogenizing thought have placed the glory of the Roman Empire in their sights.
The original fault of the Italians remains foreign mania which often leads to real foreign madness. On scientific and historical dissemination in particular with the exception of the great work of Alberto Angela (rewarded by excellent ratings) television channels increasingly rely on foreign productions with little historical relevance. There are two clear examples: the TV series "Britannia” aired on Rai 4 and the documentary cycle “Gli 8 days that made Rome” broadcast by Focus.
Starting from the first, which recently concluded on Rai's free-to-air broadcasters, it's easy to find one banality and confusion complete in its setting. I 9 episodes that compose it do not clarify whether it is a historical series, science fiction or just more fictional. What is certain is that the American and British series, co-produced by the giants Amazon and Sky, describes the Roman empire and its legions under the administration of Claudius as intimidated by the druids and the populations who inhabited the island north of the then Gaul despite their military superiority.
Leaving aside the usual intrusion of black actors (a bit too many to all be Roman legionaries complete with Latin names) even the slightest comparison with another TV series that best depicted an era just before this one seems impossible: Rome co-produced by HBO, BBC and Rai Fiction and filmed in the Cinecittà studios between 2005 and the 2007.
The documentary cycle was, Instead, presented as one of the strengths of the new free Mediaset channel dedicated to cultural dissemination whose content curator is the well-known Roberto Giacobbo, former host of Voyager on the Rai networks and now of “Freedom- Beyond the border" on the Internet 4. As soon as the first episodes of “Gli 8 days that made Rome” have received so many criticism of bias to be forced to immediately suspend the program. Read More

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L'antifascismo snob contro i bis-bis-nipoti
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Of Massimo Fini
Source: Massimo Fini
In his column The Hammock, published by Repubblica, Michele Serra finds it extremely disgraceful, and almost criminal, that Giorgia Meloni, the leader of the Brothers of Italy, Caio Giulio Cesare Mussolini was a candidate for the European elections, great-great grandson of the Duce. The surname alone makes him swoon and even his nose curls up over the name because it recalls that Roman style which the leader of fascism was inspired by (if he could, Serra, would put him in shackles, exhuming it, also Caesar, but for that said, "the lot has been cast."!”). Rather than lying calmly in a hammock, Serra seems to be sitting on hot coals and writing: “Mussolini was a dictator, a racist, an icon of ridicule and the ruin of his people". It is not even necessary to remember that fascism was a dictatorship, even if less ruthless than those of his contemporaries, but still carrying the Matteotti crime on his conscience, the assassination, in France, of the Rosselli brothers and the shutdown, intellectual and physical, in prison by Antonio Gramsci, the founder of the Italian Communist Party. Then Mussolini, unlike Francisco Franco, had the very serious responsibility of going to war with an ally with whom we should not have allied ourselves and of losing it with all the consequences that this entailed. Otherwise he would have died peacefully in his bed, like Franco, instead of being rightly shot and then hung by his feet in Piazzale Loreto, together with Claretta Petacci, to the hierarchs, those responsible, those less responsible and others not responsible at all, in one of the most shameful pages of our history which horrified the American victors themselves who were then very different from what they are today. But the rhetorical power of Mussolini's speeches, which fascinated tens of millions of our ancestors, may seem ridiculous today, when three quarters of a century have passed since its apogee, then it wasn't at all (to see the ridiculousness in Michele Serra's rhetoric we won't have to wait long, we just need to read it today). Nor can Fascism be reduced to 'Absolute Evil', as Michele Serra does in very worthy company.
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The execution of Giovanni Gentile, seventy-five years of ambiguity
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OUR HISTORY
«I have reasons that I can't say here, Why, because…they touch on things that perhaps cannot yet be said, but very precise". This hinted at the assassination of Giovanni Gentile by the philosopher and former PCI senator Cesare Luporini during a Radio Tre radio broadcast in April 1989, but within four years he took the secret with him to the grave.
On the threshold of the seventy-fifth anniversary of the Gentile murder it would therefore not be inappropriate to return to the possible meaning of this cryptic phrase, also making use of some results of the investigation conducted by Luciano Mecacci in his book "The Florentine Ghirlanda and the death of Giovanni Gentile" (Adelphi, 2014).

As is known, the philosopher's death sentence appeared for the first time in February of 1944 on the Lugano socialist paper «Libera Stampa», to then be re-proposed on the clandestine organ of the PCI «La Nostra Lotta» in a slightly modified form: in both cases the articles bore the signature of the Latinist Concetto Marchesi and were born as a radical rejection of the national conciliation proposals advanced by Gentile during the 1943. Actually the second article, the one in which the infamous verdict appears («Senator Gentile, the people's justice has issued its sentence: DEATH!») it was modified by Girolamo Li Causi, responsible for the clandestine press of the PCI, and endorsed by Togliatti. The execution took place at the entrance to the villa of Montalto al Salviatino il 15 April 1944 by a commando of Florentine Gappists composed of Bruno Fanciullacci and Giuseppe Martini, although there are still uncertainties as to which of the two shot. Read More

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