• After these events (cfr. Up Hearts n° 145 and previous ones), Julian having been killed during the war with the Parthians, peace was restored to the Church by his brother Jovian, Catholic man; but he reigned for a short time. But a remarkable fact is found in the Emperors, from then until Charlemagne: they were almost all obedient and respectful to the Church of Rome, for his primacy, both with regards to the spiritual domain, as defined by the holy Council of Nicaea, both for the temporal one. Therefore Pope Gelasius was able to write to Emperor Anastasius that, as history teaches, the Emperor depends on the judgment of the Pope, and not vice versa. Valentinian too – who was the immediate successor of Jovian – (to what we learn from ecclesiastical history) he said in the imminence of the election of the Archbishop of Milan: «Place in the pontifical seat a person to whom we who govern the empire can sincerely bend our heads, and receive warnings when we make mistakes as men, as we receive medicine from a doctor".
• And since this matter serves to show the respect of the princes towards the Vicar of Christ, we must here deal with the Emperors up to the time of Charlemagne. And also those of the period from Charles to Otto I, in which period three things were changed. First, the method for electing them; second, the laws of succession; third, the method of government. E, so that this appears clearly, it is necessary to report here something of the succession of Emperors since the time of Constantine, who were subjected to the Church, except the aforementioned tyrants.
• History in fact tells that Constantine, after submitting to the Vicar of Christ by ceding Rome to him, he moved with satraps and princes to Thrace, where Asia Major begins and Europe ends, and there he chose a city called Byzantium. E, as we know from history, he made it almost equal to Rome and called it by his own name. And this was the imperial seat until Charlemagne, in whose person Pope Hadrian, gathered a Council in Rome, transferred the empire from the Greeks to the Germans.
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